HB 109-FN - AS INTRODUCED

2019 SESSION

19-0019

04/08

HOUSE BILL 109-FN

AN ACT requiring background checks for commercial firearms sales.

SPONSORS: Rep. Rogers, Merr. 28; Rep. Huot, Belk. 3; Rep. Butler, Carr. 7; Rep. Berch, Ches. 1; Rep. Mulligan, Graf. 12; Rep. Heath, Hills. 14; Rep. Wallner, Merr. 10; Rep. Berrien, Rock. 18; Rep. M. Smith, Straf. 6; Rep. Oxenham, Sull. 1; Sen. Hennessey, Dist 5

COMMITTEE: Criminal Justice and Public Safety

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ANALYSIS

This bill requires commercial firearms sales or transfers in this state to be subject to a criminal background check and provides a criminal penalty for a violation.  The bill excludes private, noncommercial sales or transfers between individuals, provided neither individual is prohibited from owning or possessing a firearm under state or federal law.

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Explanation: Matter added to current law appears in bold italics.

Matter removed from current law appears [in brackets and struckthrough.]

Matter which is either (a) all new or (b) repealed and reenacted appears in regular type.

19-0019

04/08

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

In the Year of Our Lord Two Thousand Nineteen

AN ACT requiring background checks for commercial firearms sales.

Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:

1  Purpose.  It is the purpose and intent of the general court in enacting RSA 159-E to require commercial firearm sales and transfers in New Hampshire to be processed through a licensed firearms dealer, who will conduct a background check and create a record of each sale.  The general court believes this law will protect public safety by helping to keep firearms out of the hands of felons, domestic abusers, and the dangerously mentally ill.

2  New Chapter; Background Checks for Commercial Firearms Sales.  Amend RSA by inserting after chapter 159-D the following new chapter:

CHAPTER 159-E

Background Checks for Commercial Firearms Sales

159-E:1  Definitions.  As used in this chapter:

I.  “Commercial sale” means a sale, transfer, or exchange of a firearm that takes place at, or on the curtilage of, a firearm or "gun" show or pursuant to an offer to sell, buy, transfer, or exchange a firearm that took place at a gun show, or pursuant to an advertisement, posting, listing, or display.

II.  “Firearm” means any weapon or device designed to be used as a weapon, which will, is designed to, or may be readily converted to, expel a projectile by the action of an explosive, explosion, or other means of combustion, or the frame or receiver of such a device, provided the term “firearm” shall not include the term “antique firearm” as defined in 18 U.S.C. section 921(a)(16), or a weapon that has been rendered permanently inoperable and is incapable of being readily restored to a firing condition.

III.  “Individual” means a natural person.

IV.  “Law enforcement” means any person employed by the United States, or a state, county, city, or town, or other political subdivision as a police officer, peace officer, or another position involving the enforcement of the law and protection of the public interest.

V.  “Licensed firearms dealer,” “licensed dealer,” or “dealer” means a person who has a valid federal firearms dealer license under 18 U.S.C. section 923(a), and all additional licenses required by state or local law to engage in the business of selling or transferring firearms.

VI.  “Person” means any corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, club, organization, society, joint stock company or other entity, and shall include any entity that engages in business in this state, in whole or part, through Internet or mail order sales.

VII.  “Prohibited person” means any individual or person who is prohibited from owning or possessing a firearm pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 922(d) or pursuant to state law.

159-E:2  Firearms Sales to be Conducted Through a Licensed Dealer.

I.  No individual or person shall engage in the commercial sale of a firearm unless:

(a)  The individual or person is a licensed firearms dealer;

(b)  The purchaser is a licensed firearms dealer; or

(c)  The requirements of paragraph II are met.

II.  If neither party to a prospective firearms transaction is a licensed firearms dealer, the parties to the transaction shall complete the commercial sale through a licensed firearms dealer as follows:

(a)  The seller shall deliver the firearm to the dealer, who shall process the sale as if he or she were the seller, except that the seller may remove the firearm from the business premises of the licensed dealer while the background check is being conducted.  If the seller removes the firearm from the business premises of the licensed dealer while the background check is being conducted, the purchaser and the seller shall return to the business premises of the licensed dealer, and the seller shall again deliver the firearm to the licensed dealer prior to completing the sale.

(b)  Except as provided in subparagraph (a), the dealer shall comply with all requirements of federal, state, and local law that would apply if the licensed dealer were selling the firearm from his or her inventory to the purchaser, including but not limited to, conducting a background check on the prospective purchaser, which shall include a check of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), and compliance with all federal, state, and local recordkeeping requirements.

(c)  If the transaction is not prohibited, the dealer shall deliver the firearm to the buyer after all legal requirements are met.

(d)  If the dealer cannot legally deliver the firearm to the buyer, the dealer shall return the firearm to the seller without requiring a background check and the transfer to the buyer shall not take place.

(e)  The dealer may impose on the purchaser a reasonable fee to cover administrative costs incurred by the dealer for facilitating the transfer of the firearm, plus any applicable fees permitted under state or federal law.

159-E:3  Exception.  This chapter shall not apply to a noncommercial, private sale, transfer, or exchange of a firearm between individuals, provided neither party to the transaction is a prohibited person.  If the status of either party’s eligibility to own or possess a firearm cannot be ascertained, the transaction shall be completed through a licensed firearm dealer pursuant to RSA 159-E:2, II.

159-E:4  Penalties.

I.  Any individual or person who violates any provision of this chapter shall be guilty of a class B misdemeanor for a first offense, and a class A misdemeanor for a second or subsequent offense.

II.  The local law enforcement agency shall report all violations of this chapter by a licensed firearms dealer to the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.

159-E:5  Other Laws.

I.  Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to modify or change the duties of the department of safety pursuant to RSA 159-D.

II.  Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require or authorize any state, county, or local law enforcement agency to establish or maintain a registry of firearms sold or transferred in accordance with this chapter.

3  Applicability.  The provisions of section 2 of this act shall apply to the sale of a firearm on or after the effective date of this act and shall not apply to sales completed prior to the effective date of this act.

4  Effective Date.  This act shall take effect January 1, 2020.

LBAO

19-0019

11/7/18

HB 109-FN- FISCAL NOTE

AS INTRODUCED

AN ACT requiring background checks for commercial firearms sales.

FISCAL IMPACT:      [ X ] State              [ X ] County               [    ] Local              [    ] None

METHODOLOGY:

This bill requires background checks for commercial firearm sales.  The bill contains penalties that may have an impact on the New Hampshire judicial and correctional systems.  There is no method to determine how many charges would be brought as a result of the changes contained in this bill to determine the fiscal impact on expenditures.  However, the entities impacted have provided the potential costs associated with these penalties below.

The Judicial Council assumes this bill is unlikely to affect expenditures for defense of the indigent accused.  The indigent defense system is not usually called upon to provide representation to someone who violates laws governing business and industry.   If a licensed firearm dealer were to be charged with violating this legislation, the violation would take place in the context of his or her occupation and it would be unlikely that they would meet the eligibility  standards for appointment of counsel.  

Many offenses are prosecuted by local and county prosecutors.  When the Department of Justice has investigative and prosecutorial responsibility or is involved in an appeal, the Department would likely absorb the cost within its existing budget.  If the Department needs to prosecute significantly more cases or handle more appeals, then costs may increase by an indeterminable amount.  

The Department of Safety indicates the bill would increase general fund expenditures for staff and related costs as the number of background checks will increase.  Each calendar year the State Police Permits and Licensing Unit, Gun Line handles about 60,000 calls from Federal Firearm Licensed dealers (FFL) for background checks on the sale of handguns to New Hampshire Residents.  The Department states the number of currently "private sales" that would be subject to transfer through a FFL as commercial sales cannot be determined so the increase in expenditures cannot be determined.  The Permits and Licensing Unit, Gun Line  does not charge a fee for this background check service so there is no revenue impact.

AGENCIES CONTACTED:

Judicial Branch, Judicial Council, Departments of Justice and Safety